一、定语从句易错点

1. 关系词选择错误

  • 区分关系代词(that/which/who)与关系副词(when/where/why)
  • 若从句缺状语(时间、地点、原因),用when/where/why;若缺主语或宾语,用that/which。
  • 例:
  • 正确:This is the factory where I worked.(状语)
  • 错误:This is the factory which I worked.(缺少介词in)
  • 主谓一致问题
  • 先行词被only修饰时,从句谓语用单数;若修饰复数名词,谓语用复数。
  • 例:He is one of the students who were praised.(先行词students是复数)
  • 二、名词性从句与同位语从句混淆

    1. that的用法区别

  • 同位语从句:that不充当成分,仅解释抽象名词(如promise, fact)。
  • 例:His promise that he would visit was sincere.
  • 定语从句:that在从句中作主语或宾语。
  • 例:The book that I borrowed is missing.
  • 2. it作形式主语/宾语

  • 当从句较长时,用it代替主语或宾语。
  • 例:I appreciate it if you could help.(it作形式宾语)
  • 三、代词it/one/that的误用

    1. it:指代上文同一事物(同类同物)。

  • 例:I lost my pen. Have you seen it?
  • 2. one:泛指同类事物(可数名词,相当于a + 名词)。

  • 例:I need a pen. Could you lend me one?
  • 3. that:特指不可数名词或替代前文提到的内容(相当于the + 名词)。

  • 例:The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.
  • 四、虚拟语气常见错误

    1. 条件句中的时态混淆

  • 对过去假设:If + 过去完成时,主句用would have done;混合虚拟(主句现在,从句过去)需注意时间状语。
  • 例:If you had studied harder, you would be a college student now.(混合虚拟)
  • 2. suggest/insist的用法

  • 表“建议”时,从句用should + 动词原形(should可省略);表“暗示/坚持事实”时,用陈述语气。
  • 例:He insisted that we stop (should stop) the project.(建议)
  • vs. He insisted that he was right.(事实)

    五、非谓语动词的逻辑主语错误

    1. 逻辑关系判断

  • 若与主句主语主动关系,用现在分词(doing);被动关系用过去分词(done)或不定式被动(to be done)。
  • 例:Given more attention, the trees would grow better.(被动)
  • 2. 独立主格结构

  • 当逻辑主语与主句不一致时,需自带主语。
  • 例:It being fine, we decided to go out.(天气好与we无关,需独立结构)
  • 六、反意疑问句陷阱

    1. 情态动词must的推测用法

  • 若must表推测(如must be),反意疑问句需根据实际时间调整。
  • 例:He must have finished homework, hasn’t he?(强调结果影响现在)
  • vs. He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he?(过去动作)

    七、冠词与不可数名词误用

    1. 不可数名词前加a/an

  • 例:错误:a advice → 正确:some advice
  • 2. 固定搭配中的冠词省略

  • 例:go to school(无冠词) vs. go to the hospital(特指某医院)
  • 八、主谓一致高频错误

    1. 集合名词的谓语形式

  • 例:The family is happy.(强调整体) vs. The family are arguing.(强调个体)
  • 2. 就近原则与就远原则

  • 例:Either you or he is responsible.(就近原则)
  • 备考建议:

    1. 错题归类:将错题按语法点分类(如定语从句、虚拟语气),针对性突破。

    
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