一、定语从句易错点
1. 关系词选择错误
区分关系代词(that/which/who)与关系副词(when/where/why):若从句缺状语(时间、地点、原因),用when/where/why;若缺主语或宾语,用that/which。例:正确:This is the factory where I worked.(状语)错误:This is the factory which I worked.(缺少介词in)主谓一致问题:先行词被only修饰时,从句谓语用单数;若修饰复数名词,谓语用复数。例:He is one of the students who were praised.(先行词students是复数)二、名词性从句与同位语从句混淆
1. that的用法区别:
同位语从句:that不充当成分,仅解释抽象名词(如promise, fact)。例:His promise that he would visit was sincere.定语从句:that在从句中作主语或宾语。例:The book that I borrowed is missing.2. it作形式主语/宾语:
当从句较长时,用it代替主语或宾语。例:I appreciate it if you could help.(it作形式宾语)三、代词it/one/that的误用
1. it:指代上文同一事物(同类同物)。
例:I lost my pen. Have you seen it?2. one:泛指同类事物(可数名词,相当于a + 名词)。
例:I need a pen. Could you lend me one?3. that:特指不可数名词或替代前文提到的内容(相当于the + 名词)。
例:The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.四、虚拟语气常见错误
1. 条件句中的时态混淆:
对过去假设:If + 过去完成时,主句用would have done;混合虚拟(主句现在,从句过去)需注意时间状语。例:If you had studied harder, you would be a college student now.(混合虚拟)2. suggest/insist的用法:
表“建议”时,从句用should + 动词原形(should可省略);表“暗示/坚持事实”时,用陈述语气。例:He insisted that we stop (should stop) the project.(建议)vs. He insisted that he was right.(事实)
五、非谓语动词的逻辑主语错误
1. 逻辑关系判断:
若与主句主语主动关系,用现在分词(doing);被动关系用过去分词(done)或不定式被动(to be done)。例:Given more attention, the trees would grow better.(被动)2. 独立主格结构:
当逻辑主语与主句不一致时,需自带主语。例:It being fine, we decided to go out.(天气好与we无关,需独立结构)六、反意疑问句陷阱
1. 情态动词must的推测用法:
若must表推测(如must be),反意疑问句需根据实际时间调整。例:He must have finished homework, hasn’t he?(强调结果影响现在)vs. He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he?(过去动作)
七、冠词与不可数名词误用
1. 不可数名词前加a/an:
例:错误:a advice → 正确:some advice2. 固定搭配中的冠词省略:
例:go to school(无冠词) vs. go to the hospital(特指某医院)八、主谓一致高频错误
1. 集合名词的谓语形式:
例:The family is happy.(强调整体) vs. The family are arguing.(强调个体)2. 就近原则与就远原则:
例:Either you or he is responsible.(就近原则)备考建议:
1. 错题归类:将错题按语法点分类(如定语从句、虚拟语气),针对性突破。
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