一、主干提取技巧
1. 定位核心主谓宾
长难句的主干通常由主语、谓语和宾语构成。通过识别核心动词(谓语)确定主干,忽略修饰成分。例如:
> "The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from simple tasks to ones requiring mental abstraction.
主干:The benefits shine through(主语+谓语)。
2. 排除插入语和分隔结构
插入语(如 "for example")、同位语或破折号分隔的内容需暂时忽略:
> "A dirty stream, for example, became clear after flowing through plants and rocks where creatures lived.
主干:A dirty stream became clear(插入语 "for example" 不影响主干)。
3. 识别并列结构
并列连词(and, but, or)连接的成分需拆分,分别提取主干:
> "She writes as a business person rather than an academic, making the guide accessible and informative.
并列主干:She writes as a business person + the guide is accessible and informative。
二、结构划分方法
1. 连词引导分层
> "Since we use observational data to study species’ responses, I wanted to know: Are they usable?
主句:I wanted to know... 从句:Since we use...(原因状语从句)。
> "The kiosk that is lit up tells you can get stories.
主句:The kiosk tells... 从句:that is lit up(修饰kiosk)。
2. 拆分修饰成分
> "Using a dataset of 1.9 billion records, Daru tested how data represent patterns.
主干:Daru tested... 修饰:Using...(方式状语)。
> "Looking back on photos, they are my best shots though they could be better.
主干:They are my best shots 修饰:Looking back...(伴随状语)。
3. 处理复杂从句嵌套
多重复合句需逐层剥离:
> "Frost thinks kids don’t find being taught by machines strange as they grew up with technology.
主句:Frost thinks... 宾语从句:kids don’t find... 原因状语从句:as they grew up...。
三、真题示例解析
例句(2024新课标I卷阅读理解D篇):
> "These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?
步骤解析:
1. 拆分连词:and连接两个并列句,since引导原因状语从句。
2. 提取主干:
3. 修饰成分:
四、常见错误与规避
1. 误将修饰语当主干:如将介词短语或从句中的动词误认为谓语。
2. 忽略逻辑关系:未识别因果、转折等逻辑词(如so, but)导致理解偏差。
3. 非谓语动词混淆:分词(-ing/-ed)与谓语动词形态相似时需注意时态和语态。
五、高效训练建议
1. 真题精析:每天分析3-5个高考真题长难句,标注主干和修饰成分。
2. 意群阅读法:按语义单位(如主语、谓语、从句)分块阅读,提升速度。
3. 工具辅助:使用语法分析工具(如Grammarly)验证结构划分。
通过以上方法,考生可逐步掌握长难句的核心逻辑,提升阅读速度和准确率。练习时注意结合真题语境,强化对复杂结构的敏感度。
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